Have all 8 planets ever aligned? (2024)

Have all 8 planets ever aligned? (1)

As the solar system's planets rove around the sun, sometimes a few will appear to line up in the sky. But have all eight planets ever truly aligned?

The answer depends on how generous you are with the definition of "align" for the solar system's planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

To start with, the orbits of the planets are all tilted to different degrees with respect to the sun's equator. This means that, when planets appear to line up in the sky, in reality they are likely not positioned in a straight line in 3D space, Arthur Kosowsky, an astrophysicist at the University of Pittsburgh, told Live Science.

"The concept of planetary alignment is more about the visual appearance from our perspective on Earth rather than any significant physical alignment in space," Nikhita Madhanpall, an astrophysicist at Wits University in South Africa, told Live Science.

A planetary conjunction is when two or more planets appear close together from our perspective on Earth. It's important to note that the planets are never actually close together. Even when two planets appear lined up to a person on Earth, they are still extremely far apart in space, The Planetary Society notes.

Related: Which planet is closest to Earth? (Hint: There's more than 1 right answer.)

The definition of how close the planets can appear to be considered aligned is not well defined, Wayne Barkhouse, an astrophysicist at the University of North Dakota, told Live Science. Any such definition would involve "angular degrees," the way astronomers measure the apparent distance between two celestial objects in the sky.

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If you measured the distance around the circle of the entire horizon, that would equal 360 degrees. To give an idea of the horizon's enormity, the full moon appears only half a degree across, according to Las Cumbres Observatory in Goleta, California.

In the book "Mathematical Astronomy Morsels" (Willmann-Bell, 1997), Jean Meeus, a Belgian meteorologist and amateur astronomer, calculated that the three innermost planets — Mercury, Venus and Earth — "line up within 3.6 degrees on average every 39.6 years," Barkhouse said.

Lining up more planets takes time. According to Meeus, "all eight planets will line up within 3.6 degrees, for example, every 396 billion years," Barkhouse said. "Which means it has never occurred and will not occur, since the sun will transform into a white dwarf in roughly 6 billion years from now. During this process, the sun will become a red giant and expand in size to swallow both Mercury and Venus, and probably the Earth as well. Thus, only five planets will remain in our solar system."

The chances are worse for all eight planets aligning within 1 degree of sky. According to Meeus, "this will occur, on average, every 13.4 trillion years," Barkhouse said. In comparison, the universe is about 13.8 billion years old.

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If you consider the eight planets aligned if they are in the same 180-degree-wide patch of sky, the next time that will happen is May 6, 2492, according to Christopher Baird, an associate professor of physics at West Texas A&M University. The last time the eight planets were grouped within 30 degrees was Jan. 1, 1665, and the next time will be March 20, 2673, according to the National Solar Observatory's facility at Sacramento Peak, California.

Madhanpall noted that planetary alignments have virtually no significant physical effects on Earth. "The only impact to life on Earth during an alignment is the wonderful display visible in the sky," Barkhouse added. "There is no danger of enhanced earthquakes or anything like that. The change in the gravitational force that the Earth will experience due to any planetary alignment is negligible."

Have all 8 planets ever aligned? (2)

Charles Q. Choi

Live Science Contributor

Charles Q. Choi is a contributing writer for Live Science and Space.com. He covers all things human origins and astronomy as well as physics, animals and general science topics. Charles has a Master of Arts degree from the University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Journalism and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Florida. Charles has visited every continent on Earth, drinking rancid yak butter tea in Lhasa, snorkeling with sea lions in the Galapagos and even climbing an iceberg in Antarctica.

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Have all 8 planets ever aligned? (2024)

FAQs

Have all 8 planets ever aligned? ›

While there are certainly headlines about it from time to time, full planetary alignment is actually virtually impossible, and even seeing all the planets on the same side of the sun in the sky is incredibly uncommon.

Have all 8 planets ever been aligned? ›

Lining up more planets takes time. According to Meeus, "all eight planets will line up within 3.6 degrees, for example, every 396 billion years," Barkhouse said. "Which means it has never occurred and will not occur, since the sun will transform into a white dwarf in roughly 6 billion years from now.

When was the last time all planets aligned? ›

But the frequency of five or more planets in alignment is way less common. According to Starwalk, the last planetary alignment in the Northern Hemisphere was on April 8 during the total solar eclipse. Those who end up missing this month's event have three more times to catch a major alignment in the next year.

Do all 9 planets ever align? ›

Due to the different orbits of the planets in our solar system, it's actually impossible for them all to come into anything that might resemble an alignment from our perspective on Earth.

What happens when all the planets align? ›

Once the planets meet, it looks as though they are aligned, but the line will not be perfectly straight, according to Space.com. With each planet moving at different speeds, the alignment will last for only a brief time, depending on each planet's distance from the sun.

What is the next date all 8 planets will align? ›

On May 6, 2492, all Solar System planets, including the Earth, will gather on one side of the Sun. In the Earth's sky, the planetary alignment will be seen just after sunset.

What planets align every 175 years? ›

This layout of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, which occurs about every 175 years, allows a spacecraft on a particular flight path to swing from one planet to the next without the need for large onboard propulsion systems.

Will planets align in 2024? ›

A unique planetary alignment will be visible in the sky before sunrise tomorrow. The planetary alignment is also called as the parade of planets 2024. The illusion of all the planets alligning in a single line will be visible most clearly on Monday, June 3.

Has syzygy ever happened? ›

For example, one such case occurred on March 21, 1894, around 23:00 GMT, when Mercury transited the Sun as would have been seen from Venus, and Mercury and Venus both simultaneously transited the Sun as seen from Saturn.

Will there ever be a time when all the planets are aligned? ›

“But physically, there's no actual alignment happening. It's just that most of the planets are more or less on the same side of the sun at the moment. If the planets actually aligned with each other in space, that would be called a syzygy and that's a much, much rarer event,” she added.

Why is Pluto not a planet? ›

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) downgraded the status of Pluto to that of a dwarf planet because it did not meet the three criteria the IAU uses to define a full-sized planet. Essentially Pluto meets all the criteria except one—it “has not cleared its neighboring region of other objects.”

Is there a hidden 9th planet? ›

History of Planet Nine

Researchers believe that the planet has a mass of about 10 times that of Earth and would be similar in size to Uranus or Neptune. The predicted orbit of Planet Nine is about 20 times farther from our sun on average than Neptune, which orbits an average of 2.8 billion miles from the sun.

What are the 12 planets in order from the Sun? ›

In order of distance from the sun they are; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Pluto, which until recently was considered to be the farthest planet, is now classified as a dwarf planet. Additional dwarf planets have been discovered farther from the Sun than Pluto.

What is the rarest astronomical event? ›

Halley's Comet appears in our sky roughly every 76 years. The famous comet last passed by the Earth in 1986 and is projected to return sometime in 2061.

Is there a point in time where all the planets align? ›

They will never line up exactly, unless there is some very fine tuning, but they can all be within a certain angle. We can estimate how often Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn will be within 1 degree of Mercury. This will happen around the time of a “great conjunction”, when Jupiter and Saturn line up, more or less.

How many planets have humans visited? ›

Barring any radical theories on human history and evolution, only Earth and Luna. Human technology has been in direct contact with many celestial bodies, though. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn have all had human probes crashed (or landed) on them. Luna, and Titan are moons that have had probes land on them.

Did the planets align in 1982? ›

In 1982, an even better alignment happened. All nine of the planets were on the same side of the Sun, scattered over some 90 degrees, in what scientists call a "Grand Alignment".

What is it called when all the planets align? ›

Skywatchers are in for a treat on June 3, 2024, when a rare alignment of six planets will be visible in the pre-dawn sky. This celestial event, known as a "planet parade," will feature Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune lining up in a spectacular display.

Does Jupiter and Venus ever align? ›

Venus and Jupiter meet up roughly once each year, but Jupiter only encounters Saturn, the solar system's second-largest planet, in what is called a "great conjunction" once every 20 years.

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